Quality and Risk Scenario Essay

The HIM professional can have a direct impact on the quality or compliance of specific operations or employees within a healthcare institution. Healthcare institutions, such as hospitals, can be huge institutions made up of hundreds or even thousands of treatment or operation specific areas operation. This can include anything from the surgeon who performs coronary artery bypass to the neonatal intensive care nurse who directly cares for struggling newborns to the physical plant worker who makes sure all the lights in the building stay on and the operating room is maintained at a certain temperature. As an overall institution the thought of identifying risk and liability within the organization can be quite overwhelming and daunting. The best way to approach this is to break things down into specific issues or areas and focus on one thing at a time, with the overall goal to be improving quality and reducing risk to the institution. This paper will focus on three specific scenarios that represent an area of risk and liability for the institution. These three scenarios will include the safety of blood transfusions within a hospital, dealing with power failure risks within a hospital and using operational checklists to improve employee efficiency, consistency and reducing the human factor of making mistakes. Scenario one is to be specific to a scenario involving patient care and safety. The specific discussion here will be the use of blood transfusions within the hospital setting. This is a procedure that has been done for dozens of years even as medical science has made tremendous progress. The reality is that science just hasn’t found a synthetic way to carry oxygen through the blood stream and blood infusions still remain today the best way to do just that. While the best procedure out there for this, blood infusions don’t come without their risks and financial impacts. A study by the University Healthcare Consortium analyzed over 29,000 blood transfusions over a 7 year period from 2003-2009 (Williams, 2011). These transfusions ranged anywhere from scheduled routine outpatient surgeries to unexpected traumatic injuries brought in through the emergency room. The analysis identified many risks associated with blood transfusions, including poorly trained staff, lack of trained staff, minor hemolytic allergic reactions all the way up to severe anaphylactic reactions. The study was even able to identify that the time of day that the transfusion was performed could positively or negatively affect the patient outcome. So, while this can be a lifesaving procedure a blood transfusion should not be taken lightly. Another study published in the April, 2012 issue of the professional journal Anesthesiology was conducted by Johns Hopkins Hospital analyzing the outcomes of over 3000 patients who received blood transfusions. This study reveals that measuring the hemoglobin level in patients can be an accurate indicator of when a patient should receive a blood transfusion. This is a significant study because it could have a positive effect on both patient outcome and the financial costs involved in giving a blood transfusion. The Johns Hopkins study revealed that patients were being given blood transfusions when they really didn’t need it. A normal hemoglobin level ranges between 12-14 and the study reveals that a level as low as 7 or 8 is safe. Prior to this study the leading specialty societies, including the FOCUS research group (Functional Outcomes in Cardivascular patients Undergoing Surgury), set parameters that transfusions were definitely needed if the hemoglobin was below 7 and probably did not need a transfusion if the hemoglobin was 10 or above. But nobody ever set any parameters on what to do if the hemoglobin ranged between 7 and 10. This left the physician to decide when to start a blood transfusion. The Johns Hopkins study revealed that because of this most physicians always erred in the side of â€Å"safety† by ordering a transfusion any time the hemoglobin was at or below 10. But the Hopkins study has now determined that a hemoglobin of 7 or 8 can be considered safe. Giving blood to patients who have a hemoglobin above 7 shows no real benefit and truth is that the risk due to side effects may actually be increased. Remember that this procedure has been in place for decades and this new research was a game changer. The benefits to a hospital from the Hopkins study are tremendous. The study revealed that the costs to the hospital for one unit (300ml) of blood can cost as much as $1,100. While the donor gives the blood for free it must be analyzed for toxic diseases including Hepatitis and HIV (IMVS 2012). The blood is then separated into red blood cells, platelets and plasma, to be distributed specifically where needed. Include the storage and transportation costs and you can start to understand why blood is so expensive. Only giving blood when truly indicated has been shown to reduce the use of blood by up to 66% per institution with no change in outcomes to the patient including â€Å"length of stay, heart attack, stroke, death, and even the ability to walk† (Clark, 2012). This is where the HIM professional can come into play. The HIM can take research articles like this or even acquire their own research and then do training to educate the hospital staff. The Hopkins tudy indicated that when the HIM spoke directly with the surgeons and showed them the research there was a tendency to accept the new mindset and start delaying blood transfusions until the patient hemoglobin dropped below 7. This resulted in extra blood supply for those patients who truly need it and a significant reduced operating cost to the institution. It’s the HIM’s job to establish or change procedures that reflect changing and beneficial modalities and to get the information out to the hospital physicians and staff so they can help reduce institutional costs and ultimately benefit their own livelihood. This process can be done for hundreds or even thousands of processes currently in place within a hospital institution. Now we move on from our blood transfusion scenario to one involving the infrastructure of the hospital. The specific example to be used here is the hospital power supply. Hurricane Sandy revealed for many healthcare institutions in the north eastern United States that they were not as prepared as they thought. Some of these hospitals did have emergency generators in place, but they did no good for providing electricity when they were located in the basement of the building submerged in water from the flood. Sometimes it takes a real catastrophe for us to truly see how prepared we really are and how to improve. It’s crucial that a hospital be able to maintain electricity at all times. Almost every part of the building depends on electricity for staff to function and take care of their patients. Without electricity the lights won’t work, the furnace and air conditioners won’t work, the pumps won’t pump water through the pipes, ventilators will stop working and elevators won’t even be able to transfer sick patients between floors. These are some examples, but surely you can find many more failures if you look hard enough. For this reason, it is important that a hospital evaluate and have a plan in place to reduce the possibility of losing electricity and also have a plan in place if all safe guards fail. The concerns can truly be specific to a geographic area. For example, a hospital in the Midwest may not have to worry much about being hit by a hurricane, but it could be hit by a tornado. I spoke with hospital administrator Robyn Mazzolini at Advocate Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, Illinois regarding how their hospital has addressed the issue of maintaining electricity to the facility. Robyn indicated that there were three specific issues of highest concern. They included the loss of power from the local utility company, flooding of the existing generators in the basement of the main hospital and damage from tornados. Robyn indicated that about ten years ago the hospital installed a generator in the basement of the main building that is capable of providing power to the entire ten story hospital, including all lights and HVAC. The problem was that the unit was very large and heavy and, as a result, had to be installed in the basement. A second generator was installed right next to the first to act as a backup generator should they lose power from the power company. These generators are also designed to operate on both natural gas or stored gasoline in the event the gas lines become compromised. This seemed to solve 90% of the scenarios that could come up. Then the neighboring community experienced a flood that shut down utilities for days and a few weeks in some areas. The hospital was concerned that they would be shut down in the event of a flood in their generator rooms in the basement. So, they added a third generator inside a remote area on the south perimeter of the hospital. This generator is located inside a concrete structure three floors above ground level. This is a smaller generator that will run specific areas in order for the hospital to stay functional. For example, this generator only supplies certain lights so that there is always enough visibility to operate. It also is designed to operate all electronics in the operating rooms, emergency room and critical care areas so there is no compromise to patient care. On the remaining medical floors there is one or two red colored electric outlets that operate off this third generator. In addition, this generator is not connected in any way to the basement level so that it can power the upper floors of the hospital even if the ground level is buried under 20 feet of water. The third generator is also enclosed in walls of reinforced concrete with the thought that it could withstand a tornado. It was the HIM and the HIT who were involved in the process to help determine the essential power needs of the hospital. The HIM evaluated the staff and the various facilities to determine that they could function treating most patients as long as there was one dedicated outlet within each patient room. The HIT also identified that the operating rooms, critical care areas and emergency room pretty much needed full power capabilities no matter what. The HIM and facilities managers both have a critical role in communicating the needs of the patients, staff and hospital to the engineers, administrators and building designers. And while Lutheran General Hospital was able to spend millions to prepare for a power disruption and pretty much covered every scenario, they still need to be ready to operate should all power to the facility cease. It is the HIM who can evaluate the various areas of the hospital based on resources, staffing and needs to determine the most critical issues to address first in the event of a total power failure. This takes a lot of time and energy and is probably an evolving process as conditions and resources change. But, in the end, it is the HIM professional who is able to connect all the dots to help bring the best solution for the organization. The third and final scenario presented here is related to staffing and how the HIM can help reduce risk and liability when it comes to the behavior of hospital staff. Hospital employees by their human nature are susceptible to making mistakes or forgetting to do certain things in the course of their patient care. Every health care institution, and any other business for that matter, strives to find ways to provide the best service possible to its customers. The challenge in improving service and reducing liability is finding a process that actually works. Ohio State University Medical Center found a way to improve the quality and consistency of patient care from its medical professionals. Ohio State did created a system of check lists to be used by hospital staff in their particular department and area of responsibility. So, there were many different checklists, but each employee only had one checklist that they were specifically responsible for. The University compared the outcome of over 3000 patients both before the check lists were used and then an additional 3000 plus patients after the checklists were used. The results were staggering. The study showed, for example, that the surgical death rate of patients decreased 47% when check lists were used compared to none used. Surgical infection rates were found to have decreased by 45%. These are dramatic results that clearly show a huge improvement in patient care and reduction of risk and liability. A possible cause for such improvement is that using checklists prevented medical staff from skipping a stop that could have caused a serious complication or infection. The aviation industry has proven that checklists work. When a pilot has a sudden engine failure there is plenty of room for panic and impulsive missed steps. This is why pilots are trained to immediately pull out their check lists, even if they have them memorized, and go systematically down the list to make sure that all steps are completed as indicated. This following of check lists has proven to significantly improve survivability of the aircraft during an emergency. The use of check lists seems to hold true for the health care industry, too, as the data clearly shows. The HIM plays a critical role in the development and rollout of these check lists to the various departments. The HIM must involve the hospital staff, managers and physicians in the process of developing a check list that easily and safely covers the needs of both the patient and the hospital. Once developed the HIM must develop and take the time to train the staff so that they understand the intent of the check lists as well as the individual steps and why they are to be completed. This training will ensure that the employees buy into the use of the check lists and choose to use them consistently with every patient. Theoretically, this should provide the same process and the same desired outcomes each time. Besides implementing the checklist program through training the HIM also plays an important role in developing a policy that says how the plan is to be implemented. Employees appreciate it when everything is clearly spelled out of what is expected of them. The HIM is in a position to deal with both the hospital administrator and the front line nurse who is physically caring for patients. This allows the HIM to obtain feedback and recommendations from all involved in the process and create or modify the plan as it is determined that changes need to take place. The HIM is possibly also in the best position to analyze the data to present the findings of the continued analysis to administrators to determine if the check list process is working or not. An example of a checklist that Ohio State University Medical Center used was the Pre-Op holding RN checklist that ends with transfer to the operating room RN checklist. Each nurse has specific duties to complete with their patient as they prepare them for their surgical procedure. The Pre-Op nurse can follow the check list to ensure that all required actions have indeed taken place. When transferring care to the operating room nurse the pre-op nurse passes on her check list to verify to the next nurse that everything has been completed properly. Each nurse is also required to ask the next receiving nurse if they have any questions. As you can see, this process really does maintain a high quality of continuity of care for the patients as they move throughout the various areas in the hospital during their stay. Cutting corners and skipping steps in the patient care process is significantly reduced if not completely eliminated and the HIM or HIT professional is involved all along in helping to create and improve the process within that hospital. This paper only discussed three scenarios in the process of seeking to maintain quality while reducing financial liability within a hospital environment. These processes can be used and applied towards the thousands of specific areas of responsibility that exist within a large health care facility like a hospital. The HIM professional really does play a crucial role in connecting the various departments and providers within a small or large healthcare institution. The HIM is in a position to know the pulse of the front line operations as well as the upper office administration’s intended direction going forward. The HIM professional can pull everyone together to compile data and make recommendations or changes that benefit the patient, the physicians and nurses, the facilities operators and even the top level administrators. There are few other individuals who are in such a good position to create such positive change. Quality HIM professionals will be in demand for many years to come.

What Everybody Is Saying About Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Is Wrong and Why

What Everybody Is Saying About Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Is Wrong and Why Getting the Best Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts You have to read samples of these essays on various topics to be able to do that. Now that you're acquainted with writing a DBQ essay, it wouldn't be too difficult in your part to compose a superb and robust essay to land yourself a superior grade. After reading through some samples you must have a very good idea how to compose your persuasive essay. Nevertheless, not all DBQ essay examples are made equal. You'll observe a similar structure in several of the essays. There are particular things that help determine the practice of writing a persuasive essay. Stephen's essay is rather effective. The other essays will help give you an awareness of what score your essay may have gotten that year and any areas you might have overlooked. The Downside Risk of Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You may also acquire several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. However, you can rest assured that you're getting a fine work for the price tag you're paying. And this year is not going to be a different. In addition to such tidbits of advice, you can take a look at this article with a lengthier list of the very best study str ategies for this class. As you might already know, there are many options here. Much is dependent on your selection. You'll be provided a selection of three essay choices, each focusing on another variety of time periods. The War Against Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts You only have to be thankful you don't need to read the original documents. A great method to start is to compose a one-sentence response to every question. This is not simple to achieve though. The AP Long Essay is much like the DBQ in that you have to develop a thesis and utilize historical evidence to back up your thesis, but there isn't going to be any documents on which you have to base your response. Learn more on the subject of AP self-studying so you are able to decide whether it's the best option for you. If you aren't confirmed in an AP class, you won't be issued a textbook. AP U.S. History may be your opportunity to shine. The Fight Against Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts There are dozens of essays it is possible to browse at ProfEssays.com. These seven sample essays respond to a wide range of thought-provoking questions. Place an order with our business and we're going to write a fantastic persuasive essay for you. Get in touch with us and find the best academic essay writing service and get rid of all of the probable mistakes! It's tough to pick my favorite of the essay prompts I encountered this calendar year, but simple to select the one I thought the absolute most off-putting. Please be aware that a few of these college essay examples could be responding to prompts that are no longer being used. It is possible to download our sample essays free of charge. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Getting the Best Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Here are a couple study tips that can help you prepare strategically for the exam. Grading samples carefullywill help you to get a sense ofyour own blind spots so that you know what skills to concentrate on in your prep. Attention to detail is critical if you need to see huge improvements! Students will have the ability to differentiate between long-term effects and isolated incidents, and the various impacts of the two. Top Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Secrets The previous scor es as awarded by the College Board will be useful in establishing a ballparkobviously a 9 is still likely to be a fantastic essay under the 7-point scalebut there could be some modest differences in grades between the 2 scales. The AP World History DBQ presents a prompt and a number of historical documents that are meant to demonstrate the intricacy of a certain historical matter. Advanced Placement World History was made by the Collegeboard to offer high school students the chance to study the big civilizations of earth throughout history. Get the Scoop on Samples of Ap World Essay Prompts Before You're Too Late This prompt is a great choice if you would like to explore a single event or achievement that marked a very clear milestone in your private improvement. Economically, ways of trading was changed as a result of the debut of silver to the world. It may be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma--anything that's of personal significance, whatever the scale. The fundamental core score of 7 must be gained.

A Good Man Is Hard - 897 Words

A good man is hard to find Plot::: The characters: Grandmother- ***She lives with Bailey and his family. During the journey to florida the grandma conviences the family to visit an old house she remembers but on the way they get into a car crash. This lead this leads to the murder of the entire family. She remembered that the house was actually in tennesse where she origanilly tried to convence the family to go to instead of florida which they do every year. She tried to reason with the misfit but this angered him even more. Considers herself morally superior. The main characters in this literature is the unnamed grandmother, and†¦ The grandmother was what kind of woman? What quote represents her? What does she look and act like? ^^Same for other character†¦ ***Misfit is a wanted criminal who stubles upn the family wheneber they crash their car in the woods. This misfit believes in moral code and murders but he also wonders about jesus. He doesn’t think hes a terrible man and the grandmother tells him good man is hard to find. His two henchman kills the entire family and the misfit shoots the grandmother himself. PARAPHRASE THIS Bailey is the head of the family and seems to love his mother very much but her needing behavior gets to him at times. He gave into his mothers request of visiting the old plantation house that she thought she had remembered only because the grandmother and children were driving him crazy about visiting this house. Wheneber the grandmothers catShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard885 Words   |  4 PagesA Good Man is Hard to Find People are often over looked and are not acknowledged for the good that they do in every day life. Most would not consider Bailey, the father from the story A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor, an outstandingly great man. A scholarly critic, Nancy Nester, expresses that the moral of the story is to delineate Bailey as the Grandmothers idea of a ‘good man’. 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Throughout the entire story, The Misfit is portrayed as the symbol of evil because he was in jail; he escaped from jail, and he committed murders. The grandmother believes to be greater than the people that she are around because of the â€Å"good† that she portrays. The conventionalRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard To Find1451 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿What makes a good man How many people do you encounter each day whom considers themselves to be a righteous person? Do you agree or disagree with this persons judgement of their own character? Often a person might hide behind his or her religion as a justification for the actions made in every day life. Perhaps some people may decide that commiting enough positive actions can some how cancel out their negative actions, allowing them to consider themselves a righteous person. 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In the story it also talks about how the grandmother wore her nice clothes in case of an accident, she wanted to look like a lady in case anything bad was to happen. The grandmother was constantly talking about the good in people, but was she aRead MoreIrony In A Good Man Is Hard To Find1170 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Conner, a Gothic literature writer, has written several short stories throughout her life. Among these stories, two of them being A Good Man is Hard to Find and Good Country People, she has included some of the most fleshed out and grotesque characters I have ever read. O’Conner brings her characters to life throughout her writing in near flawless and subtle detail with ironic humor. For example, Oâ€℠¢Conner makes skillful use of ironic names for her characters. The titles and namesRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard To Find Reflection986 Words   |  4 PagesAustin Millender Intro to Lit: 9:35 Tuesday Thursday A Good Man Is Hard To Find A Good Man is Hard To Find is a story that unveils the hypocrisy of modern Christian views, but also shows that you shouldn’t be so wrapped up in the past and that you need to learn to let things go. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, Flannery O’Connor makes it clear that everybody’s guilty of something. The family is about to embark on a vacation with Grandma who had already been complaining that she wanted to go toRead More A good man is hard to find paper1379 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å" A Good Man Is Hard To Find† depicts a family’s encounter with a criminal escaped from a federal penitentiary and their essential relinquishment of life. The family that the story surrounds has planned a trip to Florida for a family vacation. Knowing but unconcerned about the criminal at large, also known as the Misfit, the family voyages onward towards their destination until the trip is abruptly stopped by a totally

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ( Or Juvenile Onset ) - 1156 Words

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus The aetiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (or juvenile onset) is a localised auto immunity disease caused by type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (T cells) are responsible for the destruction of Beta (ÃŽ ²) cells with in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreases (Handorf, Sollinger, Alam, 2015). Although reasons why are unknown, this is due to T-Cell Receptors (TCR’s) binding to self-antigens presented by class 1 Major Histocompatibility Complex ((MHCs) Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) in humans) on the membrane of ÃŽ ² cells aided by binding cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4). CD4 a transmembrane glycoprotein present on T-cells binds to a specific region of the MCH this is the first signal†¦show more content†¦DISC starts a caspase cascade were procaspase 8 is cleaved to caspase (cysteine-aspartic acid protease) 8 which in turn cleaves procaspase 3 to the caspase 3. It is caspase 3 which fragments proteins and activa tes caspase activated DNase (CAD) to fragment deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within the cell by breaking down peptide bonds (Janeway, Travers, Walport, Shlomchik, 2001). Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes has shown to have an incident rate of 22.8/100,000 in children under 15 while its peak age for diagnosis between 9 and 14 year of age and occurs rapidly over a few weeks. Like its name suggest juvenile onset suggests 95.1% of people under 19 have type 1 when compared to type 2 diabetes furthermore makes up only 5-10% of all diabetes cases (Cass, 2015). As previously stated the mechanisms of why this auto immune disease occurs are unclear however there are risk factors which increase your likelihood of developing the disease. Family prevalence can increase your risk factor even though in 85% of cases there is no family history. With 2-4% increased change if your mother has the disease and 6-9% if your father has the condition. This raises up to 30% if both parents have the condition link ing genetics and environmental factors to developing the disease, specifically being a heterozygote for the

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Free Essays

Since it’s first introduction in the year 1983, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has very rapidly become a fundamental tool for improving the health and human life. PCR was developed by Dr. Kary Mullis, who was at the time working for Cetus Corporation as a chemist. We will write a custom essay sample on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or any similar topic only for you Order Now PCR is the quick and efficient method for making unlimited copies of each and every inch of DNA. It can also be adapted to allow amplification of RNA samples as well as DNA samples from any type of organism. PCR is simplified into a 3-step process, which is repeated for 30-40 cycles. The procedure begins with the first step called denaturation. In the phase of denaturation, the structure of the DNA is altered. The double-stranded DNA melts and exposes into two pieces of single-stranded DNA at approximately 94 degrees Celsius. Transitioning into the second step called annealing or in other words, pairing up together. At a temperature of 54 degrees Celsius, the primers cool down and join to the single-stranded DNA or â€Å"template†. The double-stranded DNA then attaches to the polymerase and starts to shoot out copies. Finally during the last stage of the PCR process known as elongation or extension, the polymerase works it’s magic. At 72 degrees Celsius the DNA building blocks are paired up with the DNA primers, to create a double-stranded DNA molecule. After all the processes are completed in one cycle round, a single portion of double-stranded DNA is finally enlarged into two separate pieces of double-stranded DNA. However, as the cycles repeat themselves, more and more clones are generated and the number of DNA copies are intensified exponentially. The procedure of doing a PCR is more vital than we may fathom. It has been found to cure and diagnose genetic diseases, locate bacteria and viruses, DNA fingerprinting, study paternity, biological relationships, and human evolution. All in all, PCR has become widely known to biologists, DNA labs, and many other forensics laboratories. PCR is also one of the quickest testing methods to many diseases, for example The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, commonly known as HIV. HIV is a very difficult disease to find and eradicate. The earlier tests depended on the presence of antibodies in the human bloodstream. When performing the antibody test, there may be no results until weeks after exposure to the virus. Nevertheless, when performing a PCR test results appear much faster, and as little as one genome among 50,000 host cells can be easily detected. PCR can efficiently detect the forensics of HIV, rather than the antibodies contained in the blood. The same goes for Tuberculosis, which are also complicated in sampling from patients, PCR tests speed up the results so that precautions may be taken as soon as possible. PCR testing is one of the many ways that can assist in detecting several diseases, and yet PCR is very vital to the human life. How to cite Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Papers

Secret copying work Essay Example For Students

Secret copying work Essay No; only merry. And you have always been so kind to me. But our house has been nothing but a playroom. Here I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I used to be papas doll-child. And the children, in their turn, have been my dolls. I thought it fun when you played with me, just as the children did when I played with them. That has been our marriage, Torvald. In order to attain adulthood Nora must leave this existence behind. Without the audience of the times understanding of this it is acceptable that the play was not as well received by some. Therefore I believe that the real question maybe; Were the people who thought the play controversial behind the times? I will further investigate the plot of A Dolls House to determine this. In the first two acts of the play we as the audience see that the role of Torvalds little skylark and squirrel is one in which he enforces onto her and which she self-consciously plays. This is emphasized with the lines spoken by Nora. I would never dream of doing anything you didnt wasnt me to; I never get anywhere without your help. These lines appear highly ironic in view of the revelation that she forged her fathers signature in order to secure a loan from Krogstad to save Torvalds life and that she has done, for example, secret copying work in an attempt to pay off the loan. These actions show the audience that Nora is indeed capable and willing to help herself and Torvald without his intervention. 5 Ultimately A Dolls House focuses on the way that women are seen, especially in the context of marriage and motherhood. Torvald in particular has a very clear and narrow definition of a womans role. He believes that it is the sacred duty of a woman to be a good wife and mother. He tells Nora that women are responsible for the morality of their children. In essence he sees women as child-like helpless creatures detached from reality and influential moral forces responsible for the purity of the world through their influence in the home. The perception of manliness is also discussed, though in a much more subtle way. Noras description of Torvald suggests that she is partially aware of the lies inherent in the male role as much as that of the female. Torvalds conception of manliness is based on the value of total independence. He abhors the idea of financial or moral dependence on anyone. His desire for independence leads to the question of whether he is out of touch with reality and behind the times. Tied to the discussion of men and women are the frequent references to Noras father. Throughout the play, there are references to Noras father. Nora is frequently equated with him from her actions. Quotations like the one below suggest that Nora does wish that she were like her father and, taking that further, male. Her desire suggests a deeper understanding of the confinement she faces than might otherwise be apparent. Ah, I wish I had inherited many of Papas qualities My overall conclusion is that Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House contained themes and ideas and observations that were just coming into being at in the late 1800s. These ideas were most certainly ahead of their time as they still apply today. However it is important to realise that Ibsen was writing for a specific audience and for a set time. He did not intend his play to be a domineering factor in womens liberation. Ibsen could have been simply reporting what was happening socially at that time and bringing the ideas to a wider audience. Therefore I would like to state that Ibsen might not have consciously decided he wanted to express ideas ahead of their time but considering the play is still heralded as a feminist success; I believe that the play has timeless ideas that we as a society need to address. .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 , .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .postImageUrl , .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 , .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255:hover , .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255:visited , .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255:active { border:0!important; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255:active , .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255 .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e86b5bc0c79f659c7c39d208b85a255:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Airbags Essay1 Ibsen, Speeches and the New Letters trans. Arne Kildal, (1909;New York, 1972), P. 65. 2 Joan Templeton, The Doll house backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen, P . 104. , (1989) 3 The Correspondence of Henrik Ibsen, ed. Mary Morrison (New York, 1970), P. 365, 423-424. 4 Translated and quoted by Katherine Hanson, Ibsens Women Characters and Their Feminist Contemporaries, Theatre History Studies, (1982), P. 868. 5 Lester. Elenore, Ibsens Unliberated Heroines, The Centennial Review, 18, (1974), P. 91-108.

The Major Media Types for Advertising free essay sample

Advertising Advertising Advertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. There are three goals of advertising. These goals are to: Inform, Persuade, and Remind. The major media types for advertising are: Newspapers, Television, Direct mail, Radio, Magazines, Internet, Outdoor (billboards, blimps, etc. ), Yellow pages, Newsletters, Brochures, and Telephone The traditional conceptual model for creating any advertising or marketing communications message is the AIDA Model: get Attention, hold Interest, arouse Desire, and then obtain Action. The AIDA Model John Caples, one of the greatest copywriters of all time, provides us the following principles (although he was talking about direct response marketingmore about that laterthe wisdom is directly relevant to all forms advertising) when it comes to communicating an advertising message: Caples Principles: * Get attention * Hold attention * Create desire * Make it believable * Prove its a bargain * Make it easy to buy * Give a reason to buy now An even newer paradigm, according to some, is Interrupt, Engage, Educate and then Offer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Major Media Types for Advertising or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In any of these models, the first step is to somehow get a persons attention. It should be noted, however, that there is a growing trend of consumers being more resistent to advertising messages and less open to marketers communicating with them without their expressed permission. As such, advertising models are continuously evolving due to an explosion in media outlets and shifting public opinion. As new communications channels expand at a fast rate, advertisers are exploring the new media options at a rapid pace and exploring new ways to reach an often fickle target audience. How do we do that? In my opinion, there is one overriding rule that should guide all advertising: Tell omebody something helpful to them and make sure they are receptive to your message in the first place. Also, do not underestimate the importance of strong copy or content and do not overestimate the importance of graphic design/creative. Whether writing copy for print ads, a website, a Youtube video or writing a script for television, radio, or multi-media presentations, a strong headline is the most important element of the advertisement. This is the element of the message that needs to quickly connect with people and pre-communicate some benefit that is reasons. The headline: * Attracts attention Communicates a strong benefit * Appeals to the self-interest of the reader. It answers the question, Whats in it for me? * Sets the tone for the offer * A headline acts like a marquee does for a movie theater and selects the right audience. Advice to copywriters: When you are assigned to write an ad, write a lot of headlines first. Spend hours writing headlines or days if necessary. If you happen to think of a headline while walking down the street or while riding the bus, take out pencil and paper and write it down. John Caples On the average, five times as many people read the headlines as read the body copy. It follows that, unless your headline sells your product, you have wasted 90 percent of your money. David Oglivy Once the headline has done its Job, then prospects are so engaged in what we have to say that we can educate and inform them about the benefits of what we offer so that they cant wait for us to tell them what next step they should take to learn more or get the product or service. Most advertising today falls short. Too much energy is spent on glitzy art or cool graphic design and the resulting ads absolutely fail in the first step of interrupting and capturing attention. Various Advertisement Exampl es